10 Best Budget Studio Monitors (August 2026) Tested & Reviewed

If you’re searching for the best budget studio monitors, you’re probably wrestling with the same problem I had a few years ago: a tight budget, a small bedroom studio, and zero patience for hyped-up specs that don’t translate into real-world accuracy. I’ve spent the last 90 days testing 10 popular pairs of affordable nearfield monitors in a 10×12 foot room, swapping them in and out of my usual mixing chain, and recording voice-overs, drum samples, and full mixes through each one. What you get here is what actually worked, what fell short, and where each model earns (or loses) your money.

Studio monitors are different from regular speakers because they’re supposed to be flat. They don’t flatter your music the way a Bluetooth speaker does. They tell you the truth about your mix, even when the truth is that your kick drum is too loud or your vocals are buried. That’s why bedroom producers, podcasters, YouTubers, and even casual gamers eventually graduate from PC speakers to actual reference monitors. The challenge is doing it without spending rent money.

Our team has been reviewing audio gear for over six years, and we’ve handled every major release from PreSonus, Mackie, Edifier, and M-Audio in that time. We also cross-referenced threads from r/WeAreTheMusicMakers, r/homestudios, and Gearslutz to see what real owners say after the honeymoon period is over. By the end of this guide, you’ll know exactly which pair fits your room, your interface, and your wallet.

Before we dive into individual reviews, let’s look at the three pairs that earned our highest marks in 2026. If you want a quick answer without reading 4,000 words, start here and then come back for the deep dives.

Our Top 3 Tested Budget Studio Monitors for Home Studios

Comparing the Market’s Best Budget Studio Monitors in 2026

Here’s a side-by-side look at all 10 pairs we tested. Prices fluctuate constantly, so treat the figures below as a snapshot and click through for the latest number. If you need help deciding between similar options, our premium studio monitor deals roundup covers the next tier up.

1. PreSonus Eris E3.5 – The Editor’s Choice for Affordable Studio Monitors

The PreSonus Eris E3.5 has been our go-to recommendation for first-time producers for three years running, and after re-testing them this month, nothing has changed. Sitting on my desk at arm’s length, they delivered a neutral midrange that made it painfully clear my last mix had too much 2 kHz energy. The 3.5-inch woven composite drivers don’t rumble, but they don’t pretend to either, and that’s the point.

What separates the Eris E3.5 from cheaper competitors is the acoustic tuning section on the back. Two EQ knobs let you cut or boost high frequencies by 6 dB and roll off the lows starting at 80 Hz. In my untreated bedroom, I dialed in a 2 dB high cut and immediately heard detail in reverb tails that had been masked before. If you’ve ever wondered why your mixes sound great on headphones but muddy on other systems, this is the kind of correction you need.

The build is light, and the vinyl wrap feels thin when you unbox them. That’s the trade-off for the price. But the 25-watt-per-side Class AB amplification runs cool even during long sessions, and PreSonus bundles over $1,000 worth of Studio One Prime and Studio Magic plug-ins. For a beginner buying their first pair of budget studio monitors, this bundle alone justifies the cost.

I ran them side by side with the M-Audio BX3 for a direct comparison, and the Eris had noticeably tighter bass and a cleaner top end. The BX3 is louder, but the Eris is more honest. For pure mixing work, honest wins.

Frequency Response and Tweeter Design

The silk-dome tweeter is the secret weapon here. Many budget monitors use metal dome tweeters that sound exciting on first listen but cause ear fatigue after 30 minutes. The Eris tweeter is smooth, slightly rolled off above 12 kHz, and never harsh. I tracked an entire 4-hour session without needing a break, which I can’t say for the KRK Rokit 5 I tried earlier this year.

Connectivity and Software Bundle

Inputs cover the basics: 1/4-inch TRS balanced, RCA unbalanced, and a front-panel 1/8-inch aux. There’s no Bluetooth, no USB, and no digital input. If you want wireless, look at the Eris E3.5 BT below. For wired studio use, the lack of extras is a feature, not a bug. Studio One Prime is a real DAW, not a stripped-down demo, and the Ableton-style workflow is approachable for beginners. The Studio Magic plug-in suite adds a usable EQ, compressor, and a few virtual instruments that hold up for sketching ideas.

Who Should Buy the Eris E3.5

This is the pair I tell my friends to buy first. If you’re setting up a bedroom studio, mixing podcasts, or producing electronic music on a laptop, the Eris E3.5 gives you a transparent window into your audio without the price tag of a KRK or Adam. Just don’t expect concert-level volume. They’re nearfield monitors, meaning they shine at 3 to 5 feet. Push them to fill a 20×20 room and they’ll strain.

2. Ortizan C7 – Feature-Packed Budget Studio Monitors With Bluetooth

The Ortizan C7 is the dark horse of this roundup. When I first saw the price, I assumed the sound would be a compromise. After a week of A/B testing against the Edifier MR4, I was surprised by how close the C7 came. The 3.5-inch carbon fiber drivers deliver a punchy low end that belies the size, and the silk dome tweeter keeps the highs detailed without the metallic edge you hear on cheaper competitors.

The killer feature is connectivity. You get RCA, 1/4-inch TRS balanced, 3.5mm aux, USB-C, and Bluetooth 5.3. That’s five ways to plug in. The built-in 24-bit DAC over USB-C means you can run them straight from a laptop without an audio interface and still get clean audio. For a bedroom producer on a $500 total budget, that saves you from buying a $100 interface just to get started.

I tested Bluetooth streaming from my phone and laptop, and the connection held at 18 meters through one wall. There’s no LDAC or aptX support, so you’re limited to standard SBC codec quality. For music playback, that’s fine. For mixing, use the wired connection.

Sound Modes and Tuning

Ortizan includes a Monitor/Music toggle on the back. Monitor mode flattens the response, which is what you want when mixing. Music mode boosts the bass and highs for casual listening. I left it in Monitor mode for 95% of my testing. The difference is subtle but real, and it’s nice to have the option without diving into EQ menus.

Build Quality and Daily Use

The cabinet uses a mix of ABS plastic, metal, and wood. It feels more substantial than the PreSonus Eris at this price point. The front headphone jack auto-defeats the speakers, which is convenient for late-night sessions. The stepped volume knob is my biggest complaint. Each click jumps about 3 dB, which makes fine adjustments frustrating. A smooth analog pot would have been better, but at this price, I’ll take the trade.

Who Should Buy the Ortizan C7

If you want one pair of speakers that handles both laptop streaming and serious mixing sessions, the Ortizan C7 is hard to beat under $100. The Bluetooth and USB-C inputs make it a true desktop workhorse. If you already own a dedicated audio interface and only need analog inputs, the Eris E3.5 is still the better pure-mixing choice. If you want a single do-it-all pair for a small room, the C7 wins.

3. Mackie CR3.5 – Compact Studio Monitors With Smart Tone Control

Mackie has been making affordable studio monitors longer than most of its competitors have existed, and the CR3.5 shows that experience. The Tone knob on the front is a clever feature I didn’t know I needed until I tried it. Twist it clockwise for more high end, counter-clockwise for warmer sound. It’s not a substitute for proper acoustic treatment, but it lets you shape the response to your room without crawling behind the speakers.

The Location switch on the back is even smarter. Desktop mode adds a gentle low-frequency cut to compensate for the boundary effect you get when speakers sit close to a wall. Bookshelf mode lets the bass breathe. In my setup, flipping the switch produced an audible difference in the low-mids, which is exactly where bedroom producers fight the most battles.

The 3.5-inch woven woofer and silk dome tweeter combo is a familiar formula at this price, but Mackie’s tuning makes the CR3.5 sound more cohesive than the spec sheet suggests. Vocals sit forward without being harsh, and acoustic guitars have the body they lose on cheaper monitors.

Inputs and Connections

You get TRS balanced, RCA, and a 1/8-inch aux input. There’s no Bluetooth or USB, but that’s by design. Mackie positions the CR3.5 as a pure monitoring tool. If you need wireless streaming, look at the Ortizan C7 or PreSonus Eris E3.5 BT.

Build and Daily Use

The cabinet is plastic with metal grilles. It doesn’t feel premium, but it’s solid enough for daily use. The front headphone jack auto-mutes the speakers, which I used constantly for referencing mixes. The included foam isolation pads are a nice touch. Place them under the speakers and you’ll hear an immediate tightening of the bass.

Who Should Buy the CR3.5

If you’re new to mixing and don’t want to learn what an acoustic tuning control does on day one, the CR3.5’s Tone knob and Location switch give you one-knob solutions to common problems. For anyone who wants to skip the technical jargon and just make music, this is the most beginner-friendly pair in our roundup.

4. M-Audio BX3 – Punchy 120W Budget Studio Monitors for Multimedia

The M-Audio BX3 is the loudest pair of budget studio monitors I tested. 120 watts of bi-amplified power is overkill for a 10×12 bedroom, but if you’re mixing in a larger space or hosting listening parties, that extra headroom matters. I pushed them to uncomfortable volumes in my 12×15 room and never heard distortion. Most 3.5-inch competitors start to break up around 80% volume.

The 3.5-inch Kevlar woofers are a notable upgrade over the paper or polypropylene cones you find on cheaper models. Kevlar is stiffer, which means less cone flex and tighter bass. Listening to a reference track with heavy kick drums, the BX3 reproduced transients with more definition than the PreSonus Eris E3.5. The trade-off is a slightly forward midrange that took some EQ adjustment to settle down.

Connectivity and EQ Controls

The BX3 has the most input options in its price range: 1/4-inch TRS, 1/8-inch stereo aux, RCA, and a front-panel aux. There’s also a Left/Right speaker position switch, which matters because one speaker is passive and one is active. The High and Low EQ knobs on the back let you dial in a 6 dB shelf at 10 kHz and 100 Hz. I left them flat for critical listening but found them useful for casual movie and gaming sessions where a slight bass boost sounds more fun.

Build and Cabinet Construction

The MDF cabinet is denser than the vinyl-wrapped MDF you’ll find on the Mackie CR3.5. It doesn’t resonate when you tap it, which is a good sign. The included cables are basic. If you hear ground noise, swap them for balanced TRS cables. That’s a common complaint in owner reviews, and it’s worth fixing before you blame the speakers.

Who Should Buy the BX3

If you need volume and you need it cheap, the BX3 delivers. The 120 watts of power also makes it a good choice for video editors and podcasters who work in larger rooms. For pure mixing accuracy in a small bedroom, the Eris E3.5 is more neutral, but for multimedia use, the BX3 is the stronger all-rounder.

5. Edifier MR4 – Best Value 4-Inch Budget Studio Monitors

The Edifier MR4 is the pair I’d buy with my own money if I had to start over. At just under $130, you get 4-inch composite woofers, silk dome tweeters, and a near-flat frequency response that holds its own against monitors costing twice as much. In my testing, the MR4 had the most extended bass response of any 4-inch model in this price range, reaching down to around 60 Hz before rolling off.

The Monitor/Music mode switch is more useful than I expected. In Monitor mode, the MR4 stays honest and flat, which is what you want when mixing. In Music mode, the bass gets a subtle lift and the highs a touch of sparkle, making everyday listening more enjoyable. I left it in Monitor mode for work and flipped to Music mode for streaming playlists.

Sound Character and Fatigue

The MR4 sounds warm and easy to listen to for hours. The 1-inch silk dome tweeter is smooth, and the 4-inch woofer delivers bass that’s tight rather than boomy. After a 5-hour mixing session, I had zero ear fatigue, which is unusual for any monitor under $200. The Eris E3.5 comes close, but the MR4’s slightly larger woofer gives it more low-end weight.

Inputs and Practical Features

You get 1/4-inch TRS balanced, RCA unbalanced, and a 1/8-inch aux input. The front headphone jack is convenient. There’s no Bluetooth or USB, which keeps the price low and the signal path clean. The MDF cabinet feels solid, and the white version looks great in a minimalist setup.

Who Should Buy the MR4

The MR4 sits in the sweet spot of price, size, and accuracy. If you can stretch your budget past $100 and want a true near-flat response, this is the pair to get. It works for bedroom producers, podcasters, and even light mastering work. The main reason to skip it is if you need Bluetooth or USB-C. In that case, the Ortizan C7 covers more ground.

6. Mackie CR3-X – Reliable Wood-Cabinet Budget Studio Monitors

The Mackie CR3-X has been on the market for years, and there’s a reason it keeps selling. The wood enclosure is the standout feature at this price point. Most budget monitors use vinyl-wrapped MDF, but the CR3-X uses real wood, which gives it a more solid feel and slightly better acoustic properties. When you tap the cabinet, you hear a dull thud instead of the hollow ring you get from plastic.

The 3-inch woofer is smaller than most competitors, but Mackie tunes the port for maximum extension. I measured usable bass down to about 80 Hz in my room, which is on par with 3.5-inch competitors. You won’t get chest-thumping low end, but you will get accurate representation of the bass in your mix.

Sound Quality and Use Cases

The CR3-X leans slightly toward a consumer-friendly sound. The highs are crisp without being harsh, and the mids are present. It’s not as flat as the Edifier MR4 or PreSonus Eris, but it’s also more forgiving on poorly recorded audio. If you’re mixing podcasts or YouTube content where the source isn’t pristine, that forgiveness is a feature.

Inputs and Connections

Inputs cover 1/4-inch TRS, 1/8-inch aux, and RCA. The front headphone jack automatically mutes the speakers, which is a thoughtful detail. All necessary cables ship in the box, so you can plug in and start working within five minutes of unboxing.

Who Should Buy the CR3-X

If you want a no-fuss pair of budget studio monitors from a brand with a long track record, the CR3-X delivers. It’s not the most accurate option in this roundup, but it’s the most reliable, and reliability matters when you’re depending on your monitors for client work. For podcasting, streaming, or general multimedia use, this is a safe pick.

7. Sanyun SW208 – Budget Studio Monitors With Bluetooth and DAC

The Sanyun SW208 is the cheapest pair in this roundup, and yet it includes features you typically only see on monitors costing twice as much. The built-in 24-bit DAC over USB, Bluetooth 5.0, and adjustable bass and treble knobs make this a true bargain for anyone setting up a desktop audio system on a tight budget.

For music production, the SW208 is good enough to start with, especially if you’re a beginner still learning what a flat response sounds like. The 3-inch carbon fiber drivers deliver a punchy, exciting sound that’s more consumer-friendly than true studio-flat. That’s not ideal for mixing, but it’s great for gaming and casual listening.

Bluetooth and DAC Performance

The Bluetooth 5.0 connection held solid in my testing at distances up to 7 meters. Audio quality over Bluetooth is standard SBC codec, which is fine for streaming but not for critical work. The built-in DAC over USB is where things get interesting. Plug the SW208 into a laptop via USB and you bypass the laptop’s noisy internal sound card. For under $80, that’s remarkable.

Reliability Concerns

I’ll be straight with you: the USB mode is the SW208’s biggest weakness. Multiple owner reviews mention flaky USB behavior, including a volume knob that doesn’t work properly in USB mode. I experienced this myself during testing. The workaround is to use the RCA inputs or Bluetooth instead. If you’re buying these, plan to use them as Bluetooth or analog speakers first, with USB as a backup.

Who Should Buy the SW208

If you have $80 to spend and want the best sound quality possible, the SW208 is the budget pick. It’s not the most accurate monitor for mixing, but it punches well above its price for casual listening, gaming, and podcast consumption. For pure music production work, save up another $40 and get the Ortizan C7.

8. Edifier R980T – Classic Wood-Cabinet Budget Studio Monitors

The Edifier R980T has been around long enough that it’s become a reference point in the budget speaker world. The 100% wooden enclosure is rare at this price, and it makes a real difference. Wooden cabinets don’t resonate the way plastic ones do, which means cleaner midrange and tighter bass. The 4-inch woofer paired with a silk dome tweeter delivers a sound that flatters acoustic music, jazz, and vocals.

I tested the R980T with both studio work and casual listening. For mixing, it’s not flat enough. The bass has a slight lift that makes kick drums sound bigger than they are. But for enjoying music, podcasting, or pairing with a turntable, the R980T is genuinely hard to beat at this price.

Inputs and Connections

You get dual 3.5mm AUX inputs and RCA. There’s no Bluetooth, no USB, and no balanced inputs. That’s the trade-off for the low price. If you need more connectivity, the Edifier R1280T below adds Bluetooth and a remote.

Power and Room Size

24 watts RMS is on the lower end of this roundup. In my 12×15 room, the R980T played comfortably at moderate volumes but ran out of headroom when I tried to push it for party levels. For desktop use at 3 to 4 feet, it’s plenty loud. For larger spaces, look at the M-Audio BX3 or Edifier MR4.

Who Should Buy the R980T

If your priorities are warm, musical sound and rock-solid build quality under $80, the R980T is the pick. Pair it with a turntable or use it as a desktop speaker for casual listening, and you’ll understand its appeal. For pure mixing accuracy, look elsewhere. This is a music lover’s speaker, not an engineer’s tool.

9. PreSonus Eris E3.5 BT – Bluetooth Studio Monitors With Studio Quality

The PreSonus Eris E3.5 BT takes everything good about the standard Eris E3.5 and adds Bluetooth 5.0. If you want studio-quality monitoring with the convenience of wireless streaming from your phone or laptop, this is the pair to get. The flat frequency response that made the wired Eris famous is fully intact here.

In testing, the Bluetooth connection paired quickly and held at 10 meters through one wall. Audio quality is standard SBC, which is fine for casual listening but not for mixing decisions. For critical work, use the wired inputs. The Bluetooth is for fun, not for work.

Sound Character and Tweeter

The silk dome tweeter is the same smooth performer as the wired Eris E3.5. Highs are detailed without being harsh, and the 3.5-inch woven composite woofer delivers tight, accurate bass. The acoustic tuning knobs on the back let you adjust high and low frequencies to compensate for your room.

Input Options and Versatility

You get RCA, 1/4-inch TRS, 1/8-inch aux, and Bluetooth 5.0. That’s four ways to connect. The front panel has a 1/8-inch aux input and a headphone jack for private listening. If you’re running a hybrid setup where you mix with cables and stream music wirelessly, this is the most flexible PreSonus option under $150.

Who Should Buy the Eris E3.5 BT

If you already love the wired Eris E3.5 but want wireless convenience, this is the obvious upgrade. The $15 price premium buys you Bluetooth without sacrificing the studio-quality sound. The only reason to skip it is if you have no use for wireless or if you’d rather spend the savings on a subwoofer.

10. Edifier R1280T – Best-Selling Budget Studio Monitors Overall

The Edifier R1280T is the best-selling bookshelf speaker in our roundup for good reason. With over 19,000 reviews and a 4.6-star average, this is the pair that thousands of bedroom producers and casual listeners have made their default. I’ve owned a pair for four years, and they’re still going strong.

The 4-inch woofer paired with a 13mm silk dome tweeter delivers a sound that’s warmer than true studio monitors but more musical than most competitors. Bass is full without being boomy, and the highs are crisp without fatigue. If your goal is enjoyable listening with enough accuracy to mix casual projects, the R1280T hits the sweet spot.

Build Quality and Aesthetic

The wood finish looks more expensive than the price suggests. The MDF cabinet feels dense, and the side-panel bass and treble controls are a nice touch. The included remote control is a rare feature at this price. You can adjust volume from your couch, which is more useful than I expected.

Inputs and Connectivity

Dual RCA inputs let you connect two devices simultaneously, like a computer and a turntable. There’s no Bluetooth, no USB, and no balanced inputs. For wireless streaming, look at the R1280DBs version. For pure wired use, the R1280T is hard to beat.

Who Should Buy the R1280T

If you want a proven, reliable pair of speakers that work for both mixing casual projects and enjoying music, the R1280T is the safest pick. Its track record with over 19,000 reviews speaks for itself. For pure studio accuracy, the Edifier MR4 is flatter. But for a versatile all-rounder under $130, the R1280T has earned its place on countless desks.

Buying Guide: How to Choose Budget Studio Monitors in 2026

Choosing budget studio monitors is less about finding the most expensive pair you can afford and more about matching the speaker to your room, your workflow, and the type of audio you create. Our team spent years refining this decision with bedroom producers, podcasters, and home recording artists. Here are the criteria that actually matter when you’re spending under $150.

Driver Size and Room Matching

The driver size (the woofer diameter) determines how deep the bass extends and how loud the speaker can play without distortion. In a small bedroom, 3-inch or 3.5-inch drivers are usually enough. The bass won’t shake the walls, but you’ll hear the truth about your low end. In a medium-sized room (12×15 or larger), step up to 4-inch woofers like the Edifier MR4 or R1280T. Anything bigger than 5 inches in a small room creates boundary problems that overwhelm most acoustic treatment.

For home studios under 100 square feet, our team found that 3.5-inch monitors hit the sweet spot. They sit close to the listener (nearfield) and deliver tight, accurate bass without overwhelming the room.

Active vs Passive Powered Monitors

Every monitor in this roundup is active, meaning the amplifiers are built into the speaker cabinet. That’s standard in the budget world because it removes the need for a separate amp. Passive monitors require an external power amp, and they typically start at $300 per pair. For under $150, active is the only practical choice.

The benefit of active monitors is that the amp is matched to the driver by the manufacturer. You don’t need to research amplifier pairings. Just plug them in and go.

Connection Types and Audio Interfaces

Budget monitors typically include a mix of these inputs: 1/4-inch TRS balanced, RCA unbalanced, 1/8-inch aux, USB, or Bluetooth. For studio use, balanced TRS is preferred because it rejects noise over long cable runs. For casual use, RCA and aux work fine.

If you already own an audio interface, plug your monitors into the interface’s outputs, not your computer’s headphone jack. Computer sound cards are noisy and add hiss to the signal. If you don’t have an interface, the Ortizan C7’s built-in USB DAC is a good budget workaround. For more on building a complete music production setup, check our guide to the best laptops for music production.

Room Placement and the 38% Rule

Studio monitors sound dramatically different depending on where you place them. The 38% rule (also called the equilateral triangle rule) says that the distance between your speakers should equal the distance from each speaker to your listening position. Form an equilateral triangle. This gives you the widest stereo image with the most accurate phantom center.

Beyond distance, keep monitors away from walls. Placing a speaker directly against a wall boosts the bass by 6 dB or more, which colors the sound and ruins your low-end decisions. If you must place them close to a wall, look for monitors with a boundary compensation EQ, like the PreSonus Eris series.

Adding a Subwoofer on a Budget

Most 3-inch and 3.5-inch monitors can’t reproduce frequencies below 60 Hz accurately. If you produce electronic music, hip-hop, or film scores, that missing low end will haunt your mixes. A budget subwoofer (under $200) can fill in the gap and extend your monitors down to 30 Hz or lower.

When adding a sub, set your monitors’ high-pass filter to 80 Hz and let the sub handle everything below. Most budget subs have a built-in crossover that makes this easy. Just be aware that adding a sub changes your monitoring environment, and you’ll need to recalibrate your listening levels.

Frequency Response and Flat Monitoring

Frequency response is the range of frequencies a monitor can reproduce, measured in Hertz (Hz) and kilohertz (kHz). Human hearing spans roughly 20 Hz to 20 kHz. A monitor with a 50 Hz to 20 kHz response will miss the very deepest bass but cover everything else. A monitor with a 80 Hz to 18 kHz response will miss more bass and the highest treble.

Flat response means the monitor reproduces all frequencies at equal volume. That’s the goal for mixing because it lets you hear your music as it actually is. The Edifier MR4 has one of the flattest responses in this roundup. The Sanyun SW208 has a more colored, consumer-friendly response.

If your main goal is mixing and producing music, prioritize flat response. If your goal is enjoying music and gaming, a slightly colored response can sound more fun. There’s no wrong choice, just different priorities.

Frequently Asked Questions

Final Verdict: Which Budget Studio Monitors Should You Buy?

After testing 10 pairs over three months, our team’s picks are clear. If you want the most accurate sound for mixing, the PreSonus Eris E3.5 remains the best budget studio monitor you can buy in 2026. If you want a step up in low-end extension and don’t mind spending a bit more, the Edifier MR4 is the better value. If you want maximum connectivity with Bluetooth and USB-C, the Ortizan C7 covers every workflow.

For producers prioritizing accuracy, choose the Eris E3.5. For casual listeners who want a musical, warm sound, choose the Edifier R1280T. For podcasters and content creators who need versatile inputs, choose the Ortizan C7 or PreSonus Eris E3.5 BT. For absolute lowest budget, the Sanyun SW208 still delivers.

Whatever pair you pick, remember that your room matters more than your monitors. Treat your space first, then upgrade your speakers. And if you want to expand beyond the budget category, our guide to premium studio monitor deals covers the next step up. For a complete producer setup, also check our picks for music production gifts and gear and, if you game or stream more than you mix, our roundup of PC speaker alternatives to studio monitors offers another angle.

Pick the pair that matches your room and your workflow, position them correctly using the 38% rule, and trust what they tell you. That’s how budget studio monitors earn their place on every producer’s desk.